- 近亲交配 jìnqīnjiāopèi inbreedingthe mating of closely related individuals
- 近亲繁殖 jìnqīnfánzhí inbreeding (biological)the sexual reproduction of offspring from closely related individuals, which often leads to a decline in genetic health or the manifestation of hereditary diseases
- 近亲结婚 jìnqīnjiéhūn intermarriagemarriage between close family relatives