One of several shops or restaurants owned by the same company, operating under a common name and unified management; also called [[连锁商店|連鎖商店|lian2 suo3 shang1 dian4]]

1. A process in physics or chemistry where the products of a reaction cause further reactions to occur, especially in nuclear fission or chemical kinetics; 2. A series of related events where one change triggers a sequence of subsequent changes.

a letter or email sent to a number of people, each of whom is requested to send copies to a further number of people

A retail business model where multiple shops are under unified management, using the same name, branding, and pricing; includes both directly-owned and franchised locations.