cuò​luàn

deranged

cuò error Simplified

Simplified form of . Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound. The character is based on the original meaning "grind stone", which later shifted to "mix", "be in disorder", and "wrong".

Components

Meaning component
jīn metal

is a component form of .

Sound component
xī, cuò in the past, ancient times
Change in sound

Historical Pronunciations

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode

luàn confusion, mess Simplified

Original meaning: untangle threads

Simplified form of . Originally written as 𤔔, which depicts two hands (𠬪) untangling threads () on a silk frame. was later added as a distinguishing mark. The meaning later shifted to "mess" and "confusion".

Components

Simplified component
shé tongue

Shorthand for the 𤔔 component in the traditional character .

yǐn, yà turning stroke

Sources

Character origin
季旭昇《說文新證》p.960漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode

cuò error Traditional

Original meaning: grind stone

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound. The character is based on the original meaning "grind stone", which later shifted to "mix", "be in disorder", and "wrong".

Components

Meaning component
jīn metal
Sound component
xī, cuò in the past, ancient times
Change in sound

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagarttshak[tsʰ]ˤak slanting

說文解字

《說文》:“錯,金涂也。从金,昔聲。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica

luàn confusion, mess Traditional

Original meaning: untangle threads

Originally written as 𤔔, which depicts two hands (𠬪) untangling threads () on a silk frame. was later added as a distinguishing mark. The meaning later shifted to "mess" and "confusion".

Components

𤔔
𤔔 SoundIconic component
luàn (untangle threads), to govern

Depicts two hands (𠬪) untangling threads () on a silk frame.

yǐn, yà turning stroke

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Late Western Zhou ~800 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Qin 221-206 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartlwanH[r]ˤo[n]-s disorder, rebellion

說文解字

《說文》:“亂,治也。从乙。乙,治之也。从。”

Sources

Character origin
季旭昇《說文新證》p.960漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica