xū​yào

must

must Simplified

Original meaning: beard

Pictograph of a person with a bearded face. Simplified form of . The meaning "must" is a phonetic loan.

Components

Iconic component
shān, xiǎn hair
Iconic component
page

Depicts a head.

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode

yào, yāo want

Original meaning: waist

Pictograph of two hands grabbing a woman's () waist. The current meaning "want" is a phonetic loan. The original meaning "waist" is now written as .

Components

Iconic component
characterless component

Depicts two hands grabbing a waist.

Change in meaning
hints at the original meaning of , "waist", which is no longer the most common meaning of in modern Mandarin.
Iconic component
nǚ, nü woman

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Component uses

Sound (2 of 3 verified)

Remnant (1)

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagart'jiewH[q]ew(k)-s important

說文解字

《說文》:“要,身中也,象人要自之形。从,交省聲。”

Sources

Character origin
季旭昇《說文新證》p.183
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica

must Traditional

Original meaning: beard

Pictograph of a person with a bearded face. Based on the original meaning "beard", now written as . The current meaning is a phonetic loan.

Components

Iconic component
shān, xiǎn hair
Iconic component
(head), page

Depicts a head.


Character Evolution

Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Western Zhou ~800 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Warring States 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Jin 266-316 AD
Regular Modern

Component uses

Sound (1)

Iconic (1)

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartsjuC-[s.n]o beard
sju[s]o 斯須 a short time

說文解字

《說文》:“須,面毛也。从頁,从彡。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica