马戛尔尼使团 Origin — Chinese Character Wiki

Chinese Character Wiki Wiki

Mǎjiá'ěrníshǐtuán

Macartney mission

mǎ horse Simplified

Simplified form of 馬. Pictograph of a horse.

Component uses

Meaning (6 of 57 verified)

Sound (5 of 8 verified)

吗妈玛码骂蚂犸杩

Sources

Character origin: 季旭昇《說文新證》p.741-742漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode

jiá lance

To strike 戈 someone on the nose 自

Components

一 Meaning component

yī one

自 Meaning component

zì (nose), self

戈 Meaning component

gē spear

Character Evolution

Seal form — Seal Shuowen ~100 AD

Regular Modern

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Component uses

Sound (0 of 1 verified)

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	kɛt	kˤrik	a kind of lance
Zhengzhang		kriːɡ
Unicode	gat

說文解字

𢧢也。从戈从𦣻。讀若棘。

Sources

Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart Zhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

ěr you Simplified

Simplified form of 爾. Pictograph of a weapon with a sharp head and tail decorations on the end. Similar in origin to 朿. Original meaning unclear.

Character Evolution

Bronze form — Bronze Warring States 475-221 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC

Seal form — Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC

Seal form — Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC

Seal form — Seal Shuowen ~100 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD

Regular Modern

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Component uses

Sound (2 of 5 verified)

你弥玺迩祢

Meaning (1 of 3 verified)

Simplified (1)

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	nyeX	n[ə][r]ʔ	you(r)

說文解字

《說文》：“尒，詞之必然也。从入、丨、八，八象气之分散。”

Sources

Character origin: 季旭昇《說文新證》p.259董蓮池《說文解字考正》p.129
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

ní, nǐ Buddhist nun

Original meaning: stop; approach

Depicts one person (匕) carrying another person (尸) on their back. Based on the original meaning "stop; approach". The current meaning is a phonetic loan.

Components

尸 Iconic component

shī sitting person

匕 Iconic component

bǐ, pìn spoon, (person)

Character Evolution

Seal form — Seal Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Seal form — Seal Shuowen ~100 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD

Regular Modern

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Component uses

Sound (2 of 9 verified)

呢泥妮昵伲怩旎铌坭

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	nejX	nˤərʔ	to stop
	nejH	nˤərʔ-s	to stop, obstruct
	nrij	nr[əj]	near, close

說文解字

《說文》：“尼，從後近之。从尸，匕聲。”

Sources

Character origin: 季旭昇《說文新證》p.675-676
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

shǐ to use

The characters 史 (history), 吏 (government official), 使 (cause; use; instruct), and 事 (matter; work; affair) are all etymologically related and all derive from the same ancient character, depicting a hand (又) holding a container for writing utensils.

Components

亻 Meaning component

rén person

亻 is a component form of 人.

吏 Sound Iconic component

lì government official

Depicts a hand holding a container for writing utensils.

Change in sound

使 and 吏 don't sound similar in modern Mandarin due to historical phonetic changes. They were more similar in Old Chinese.
使 *s-rəʔ-s
吏 *[r]əʔ-s

Character Evolution

Oracle form — Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Mid Spring and Autumn ~600 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC

Seal form — Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC

Seal form — Seal Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Seal form — Seal Shuowen ~100 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Qin 221-206 BC

Clerical form — Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD

Regular Modern

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Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	sriX	s-rəʔ	send; cause
	sriH	s-rəʔ-s	envoy

說文解字

《說文》：“使，伶也。从人，吏聲。”

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

tuán ball Simplified

Simplified form of 團. Phonosemantic compound. 囗 represents the meaning and 專 represents the sound.

Components

囗 Meaning component

wéi, guó surround

才 Simplified component

cái, cai talent

Shorthand for the 專 component in the traditional character 團.

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode

mǎ horse Traditional

Pictograph of a horse.

Character Evolution

Oracle form — Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC

Oracle form — Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC

Oracle form — Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC

Oracle form — Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Late Shang ~1100 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Spring and Autumn 771-476 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Early Spring and Autumn ~700 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Warring States 475-221 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC

Seal form — Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC

Seal form — Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC

Seal form — Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC

Seal form — Seal Shuowen ~100 AD

Seal form — Seal Shuowen ~100 AD

Seal form — Seal Shuowen ~100 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Qin 221-206 BC

Clerical form — Clerical Qin 221-206 BC

Clerical form — Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Western Jin 266-316 AD

Regular Modern

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Component uses

Meaning (8 of 49 verified)

驗驚驩駮騾驅驀驟駕駝驌騙驊馮馳駛騎驎羈駐騁騫騷驢驦馴騰驕驥驛駁馭騶馱騭駟駑駒騖駢駱騅駿驪駭驤騮闖駙 show all 49 show fewer

Sound (5 of 6 verified)

碼螞罵嗎瑪媽

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	maeX	mˤraʔ	horse

說文解字

《說文》：“馬，怒也；武也。象馬頭髦尾四足之形。，古文。，籀文馬與同，有髦。”

Sources

Character origin: 季旭昇《說文新證》p.741-742漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

ěr you Traditional

Pictograph of a weapon with a sharp head and tail decorations on the end. Similar in origin to 朿. Original meaning unclear.

Character Evolution

Oracle form — Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Early Western Zhou ~1000 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Late Spring and Autumn ~500 BC

Seal form — Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC

Seal form — Seal Shuowen ~100 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Three Kingdoms (Cao Wei) 222-280 AD

Regular Modern

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Component uses

Sound (1 of 4 verified)

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	nejX	nˤ[ə][r]ʔ	numerous
	nyeX	n[ə][r]ʔ	(adv. suffix)
	nyeX	n[ə][r]ʔ	you(r)

說文解字

《說文》：“爾，麗爾，猶靡麗也。从冂，从，其孔；尒聲。此與爽同意。”

Sources

Character origin: 季旭昇《說文新證》p.259董蓮池《說文解字考正》p.129
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

tuán ball Traditional

Phonosemantic compound. 囗 represents the meaning and 專 represents the sound.

Components

囗 Meaning component

wéi, guó surround

專 Sound component

zhuān monopolize

Character Evolution

Bronze form — Bronze Early Western Zhou ~1000 BC

Seal form — Seal Shuowen ~100 AD

Regular Modern

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Component uses

Sound (1)

Meaning (1)

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	dwan	C.[d]ˤon	round, plenty

說文解字

《說文》：“團，圜也。从囗，專聲。”

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)