- 洋务派 yángwùpài Westernizing factionthe foreign learning or Westernizing faction in the late Qing dynasty
- 洋务学堂 yángwùxuétáng Western learning collegecollege of Western learning in late Qing
- 洋务运动 Yángwù Yùndòng Self-Strengthening MovementSelf-Strengthening Movement (period of reforms in China c. 1861-1894), also known as the [[自强运动|自強運動|Zi4 qiang2 Yun4 dong4]]
