- 艰难 jiānnán difficultdifficult; hard; arduous; challenging
- 艰苦 jiānkǔ arduousdifficult and hard; involving great struggle or physical hardship
- 艰巨 jiānjù arduousextremely difficult and heavy; often used to describe a task, mission, or responsibility
- 艰辛 jiānxīn arduousdifficult and exhausting; full of hardships
- 艰苦奋斗 jiānkǔfèndòu to struggle arduously; arduous struggleto work diligently and struggle hard in spite of difficult conditions or the spirit of such perseverance
- 举步维艰 jǔbùwéijiān to struggle to make progress(idiom) walking with great difficulty; also used to describe a situation where every step forward in a project or plan is a struggle due to great hardship or lack of resources
- 艰险 jiānxiǎn difficult and dangerousdifficult and dangerous; perilous
- 艰巨性 jiānjùxìng arduousnessthe quality of being extremely difficult and demanding; arduousness; formidability
- 艰苦卓绝 jiānkǔzhuójué extraordinarily arduousextremely difficult and grueling; used to describe a struggle or task that is exceptionally hard and surpasses all others
- 艰苦朴素 jiānkǔpǔsù hard work and plain livingto be hardworking and live a simple, frugal life; characterizes a person who can endure hardship and avoids extravagance
- 艰难险阻 jiānnánxiǎnzǔ difficulties and obstaclesdifficulties and obstacles encountered on a journey; also used figuratively to describe the many dangers, hardships, and setbacks one faces in life
- 步履维艰 bùlǚwéijiān to walk with difficulty(idiom) to have difficulty walking or move with great effort
- 艰涩 jiānsè involved and abstruse(of writing) deep and difficult to understand; lacking in flow or clarity
- 艰深 jiānshēn abstrusedifficult to understand; deep and complicated; often describing language or abstract principles
- 历尽艰辛 lìjìnjiānxīn to experience hardshipsto have gone through all kinds of hardship and difficulties; to have experienced every bitterness and struggle
- 维艰 wéijiān very difficultvery hard; difficult and arduous; full of hardship
- 艰困 jiānkùn difficultdifficult and hard; beset by difficulties and hardships
- 时艰 shíjiān difficult times(literary) difficult or critical times, especially regarding the state of a nation; the hardships of the current political situation
- 艰危 jiānwēi difficult and dangerousdifficult and dangerous; often describes a critical situation or the perilous state of a nation
- 物力维艰 wùlìwéijiān poor in resourceslimited resources and difficulty in obtaining goods; often used to express that material wealth is hard-won and should be cherished
- 艰深晦涩 jiānshēnhuìsè abstruseabstruse and unfathomable; used to describe writing or ideas that are difficult to understand and obscure
- 艰苦备尝 jiānkǔbèicháng to have suffered untold hardshipsTo have experienced every kind of difficulty and suffering.
- 险阻艰难 xiǎnzǔjiānnán difficulties and obstaclesdangerous and difficult obstacles on a path or journey
- 艰虞 jiānyú difficulties and worriesdifficulties and hardships; troubles and worries
- 备尝艰苦 bèichángjiānkǔ to have suffered every hardshipto have experienced great difficulties and bitterness; to have undergone all kinds of trials and tribulations
- 艰难竭蹶 jiānnánjiéjué difficulties and destitutionDescribes a life of extreme hardship where it is difficult to make ends meet; literally refers to stumbling while walking, used as a metaphor for a complete lack of financial resources.
- 国步艰难 guóbùjiānnán the nation is in crisisThe country is in a difficult and critical situation; beset by many hardships and troubles.
- 蒿目时艰 hāomùshíjiān deeply concerned for the countryto observe the country's ills with deep concern; to be anxious about current political affairs or the state of the world
- 丁艰 dīngjiān to be in mourning(literary) to be in mourning after the death of a parent or grandparent
- 不避艰险 bùbìjiānxiǎn to brave difficulties and dangersto make light of difficulties and dangers; to shrink or flinch from no hardship or avoid no hardship
- 人艰不拆 rénjiānbùchāi life is hard enough(Internet slang) life is hard enough as it is, so do not point out the painful truth or burst my bubble
- 共克时艰 gòngkèshíjiān to overcome difficulties togetherTo work together to overcome current difficulties or a period of crisis
- 内艰 nèijiān mother's funeral(literary) mourning for one's mother; a mother's funeral
- 创业维艰 chuàngyèwéijiān starting a business is hardstarting a new business or undertaking is full of hardships and challenges
- 外艰 wàijiān mourning for a father(literary) to be in mourning for the death of one's father or grandfather
- 艰贞 jiānzhēn to maintain integrityto remain firm and keep one's integrity despite difficult circumstances
- 遗大投艰 yídàtóujiān to be entrusted with heavy responsibilities(idiom) to be vested with important and arduous tasks; to have a heavy and difficult burden assigned to one
Sources
- Frequency data
- MTSU Chinese text computingSUBTLEX-CH