Used at the start of a clause to state a fact or premise from which a conclusion is drawn, meaning "since", "as", or "now that"; also written as 既然 jì​rán

Both is (and is...); used with a corresponding adverb like 也 yě or 又是 yòu​shì to list multiple identities or characteristics

To already be; used in formal or literary contexts to indicate a state that has already been established