A trade policy that uses high import taxes or additional fees to restrict the entry of foreign goods and protect domestic industries; also called a tariff wall.

strongly fortified or closely guarded by defensive works

Describes a situation where boundaries or camps are extremely clear and distinct, leaving no room for confusion

closely guarded or strongly fortified; also used to describe a sharp division or clear boundaries between opposing sides

(idiom) to have one's defenses or military positions completely reorganized and refreshed; to present a brand-new military front

Import and export restrictions or conditions imposed to protect local environmental and economic interests; also known as [[绿色壁垒|綠色壁壘|lu:4 se4 bi4 lei3]]

trade restrictions or regulations imposed under the guise of environmental protection to favor domestic industries

measures taken by a country to restrict or prevent the entry of foreign goods, such as tariff barriers [[关税壁垒|關稅壁壘|guan1 shui4 bi4 lei3]] or non-tariff barriers [[非关税壁垒|非關稅壁壘|fei1 guan1 shui4 bi4 lei3]]

trade restrictions such as quotas, embargoes, or sanctions that are not direct taxes on imports