chōu​xiàng​láo​dòng

abstract labor

抽象劳动 抽象勞動 chōu​xiàng​láo​dòng
abstract labor
(In Marxist economics) general human labor considered without regard to the specific form it takes, representing the expenditure of human brainpower and physical energy that creates the value of a commodity. It is often contrasted with 具体劳动 jù​tǐ​láo​dòng.

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Antonym