- 现代汉语 xiàndàihànyǔ Modern ChineseModern Chinese language; contemporary Chinese, typically referring to the period from the early 20th century to the present
- 汉语拼音 hànyǔpīnyīn Hanyu Pinyinthe official system for transcribing Chinese characters into the Latin alphabet used in mainland China
- 古汉语 gǔhànyǔ Ancient ChineseAncient Chinese language; archaic Chinese pronunciation
- 商务汉语考试 shāngwùhànyǔkǎoshì Business Chinese TestBusiness Chinese Test (BCT); a standardized test for non-native speakers of Chinese used in business situations
- 汉语大字典 hànyǔdàzìdiǎn Hanyu Da ZidianA massive and highly comprehensive dictionary of Chinese characters, originally published in eight volumes between 1986 and 1990.
- 汉语大词典 hànyǔdàcídiǎn Hanyu Da CidianA comprehensive 12-volume Chinese-language dictionary, first published from 1986 to 1994, it is the largest dictionary of its kind with over 375,000 entries.
- 汉语拼音方案 hànyǔpīnyīnfāng'àn Hanyu Pinyin systemScheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet; the official system for transcribing Chinese characters into the Latin alphabet, first approved in 1958.
- 汉语水平考试 hànyǔshuǐpíngkǎoshì HSKHSK; the standardized Chinese Proficiency Test for non-native speakers, consisting of various levels of proficiency across listening, reading, and writing
- 现代汉语通用字表 xiàndàihànyǔtōngyòngzìbiǎo Table of General-Purpose Characters in Modern ChineseA standard list of 7,000 frequently used Chinese characters issued by the People's Republic of China in 1988 for general use in modern language.
- 上古汉语 shànggǔhànyǔ Old ChineseThe Chinese language from the early Western Zhou dynasty to the Han dynasty; also known as Old Sinitic.
- 藏汉语系 zànghànyǔxì Sino-Tibetanthe Sino-Tibetan language family
- 中古汉语 zhōnggǔhànyǔ Middle Chinese; Medieval ChineseThe stage of the Chinese language documented in rhyme dictionaries such as the Qieyun, typically associated with the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties
- 古代汉语 gǔdàihànyǔ Ancient ChineseAncient Chinese; specifically the written Chinese used before the May Fourth Movement (1919) based on the spoken language of the pre-Qin period