A tax where the person paying it can pass the cost on to others, typically by including it in the price of goods or services; includes sales tax, customs duties, and excise taxes.

costs not directly linked to the production or manufacturing process, such as machinery depreciation or factory maintenance

A logical process where a conclusion is drawn from two or more premises, including deduction, induction, and analogy; opposite of [[直接推理|直接推理|zhi2 jie1 tui1 li3]].

indirect logical conclusion or mediate inference based on multiple premises

Civil rights exercised through elected representatives, such as the power to vote, recall, or legislate, rather than directly by the citizens themselves.

the person or thing that receives the direct object in a sentence

Experience gained from books or other people rather than through personal involvement.

an indirect free kick awarded in sports like football, where a goal cannot be scored directly from the kick

indirect testimony or circumstantial evidence; evidence that indirectly proves a fact or supports other direct evidence

Trade conducted between an importing country and an exporting country through a middleman or agency in a third country

costs that are not directly accountable to a specific cost object such as a particular project or department; overhead

An election in which voters choose representatives who then select the officials or higher-level representatives on their behalf.